Izinto ezintlanu zesixhobo sokukhusela ukuqubha (i-SPD)

Izixhobo zokukhusela ukugqabhuka (I-SPD) zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane zanamhlanje, zibonelela ngokhuseleko kwii-voltage spikes kunye nokunyuka kwamandla. Ukubaluleka kwayo akunakugqithiswa, kwaye ukuqonda izinto ze-SPD kubalulekile ekukhetheni isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Ii-SPD zenziwe ngezinto ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo: i-discharge gap, i-gas discharge tube, i-suppressor diode, i-varistor kunye ne-choke, nganye kuzo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izixhobo zakho zombane.

Umsantsa wokukhupha umbane yinxalenye esisiseko ye-SPD kwaye uneentonga ezimbini zesinyithi ezahlulwe ngumsantsa othile. Enye yeentonga zesinyithi iqhagamshelwe kwintambo yesigaba samandla i-L1 okanye intambo engathathi cala (N) yesixhobo esikhuselweyo, kwaye enye intonga yesinyithi iqhagamshelwe kwintambo yomhlaba (PE). Ngexesha lomcimbi wokugqithisa umbane odlulayo, umsantsa wokukhupha umbane uyaqhekeka, uvumela inxalenye yetshaja yokugqithisa umbane ukuba iqondiswe emhlabeni, nto leyo ethintela umbane ukuba unganyuki kwisixhobo esikhuselweyo. Nangona isakhiwo silula, ukusebenza kwaso okungalunganga kokucima umbane kukhokelele ekuphuculweni, okufana nezikhewu ze-angular, ezibonelela ngezakhono ezingcono zokucima umbane.

Elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo yityhubhu yokukhupha igesi, equlathe iipleyiti ezimbini ze-cathode ezibandayo ezivalelwe kwityhubhu yeglasi okanye yeseramikhi ezaliswe yigesi engangenisi mandla. Eli candelo lonyusa amathuba okuba ityhubhu yokukhupha igesi iqalise kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni i-voltage engaphezulu kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka. Ukongeza, ii-arhente zokuncedisa zidla ngokufakwa ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwetyhubhu yokukhupha igesi.

Ii-diode zokucinezela zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinemisebenzi yokunciphisa i-clamping kunye ne-voltage. Isebenza kwindawo yokuqhekeka kwe-reverse, ine-voltage ephantsi yokucinezela kunye nempendulo yesenzo esikhawulezayo, kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa njengento yokugqibela yokukhusela kwiisekethe zokukhusela ezinamanqanaba amaninzi. Uphawu lwayo lwe-volt-ampere lumelwe yifomyula I=CUα, ebonisa ii-coefficients zayo ezingezizo ezilandelelanayo, igxininisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwayo ekulawuleni ii-voltage spikes kunye ne-surges.

Kwindawo yanamhlanje yobuchwepheshe obukhawulezayo, imfuneko yezixhobo zokukhusela ukuxhuzula ezithembekileyo ayizange ibe phezulu. Ngokusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo kwezi zinto zintlanu zisisiseko, ii-SPD zibonelela ngokhuseleko olunamandla kwi-voltage transients, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nobude bexesha lezixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka. Njengoko iinkqubo zombane zisiba nzima ngakumbi, imfuneko yezisombululo ezibanzi zokukhusela ukuxhuzula iba yinto ebalulekileyo, okwenza ukuqonda izinto ze-SPD kube yimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kofakelo lombane lwanamhlanje.